Religious Affiliation and Psychiatric Disorder Among Protestant Baby Boomers
Harold G. Koenig M.D., M.H.Sc.1,
Linda K. George Ph.D.2,
Dan G. Blazer M.D., Ph.D.2,
Keith G. Meador M.D., Th.M.3, and
Peter B. Dyck M.D.4
1 Box 3400, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
2 Duke University, Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina
3 Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
4 Holly Hill Psychiatric Hospital in Raleigh; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
Objective: The authors examined the relationship between religious affiliation and psychiatric disorder among Protestant members of the baby-boom generation (those born between 1945 and 1966) who resided in the Piedmont area of North Carolina. Methods: Data were obtained on six-month and lifetime rates of major psychiatric disorders among 853 Protestant baby boomers during wave II of the National Institute of Mental Health's Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey, conducted in 1983-1984. Participants were grouped into three categories based on religious affiliation: mainline Protestants, conservative Protestants, and Pentecostals. Rates of disorder were compared across denominational groups, controlling for sex, race, physical health status, and socioeconomic status and stratifying by frequency of church attendance. The analyses were repeated for 1,826 middle-aged and older Protestants born between 1889 and 1944, and the results were compared with the findings for baby boomers. Results: Among the baby boomers, Pentecostals had significantly higher six-month and lifetime rates of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and any DSM-III disorder. Mainline Protestants had the lowest six-month and lifetime rates of anxiety disorder and the lowest six-month rates of any DSM-lll disorder, whereas conservative Protestants had the lowest six-month and lifetime rates of depressive disorder and the lowest lifetime rates of any DSM-111 disorder. These relationships among baby boomers were weaker among middle-aged and older Protestants, although a new association with alcohol abuse or dependence emerged among older Pentecostals. When analyses were stratified by frequency of church attendance, associations between psychiatric disorder and Pentecostal affiliation were strongest among infrequent churchgoers, a group also unlikely to seek help from mental health professionals. Conclusions: Young adult Pentecostals in the Piedmont area experienced high rates of psychiatric disorder, which was not generally true for Pentecostals who were middle aged or older. Infrequent churchgoers appeared to be at greatest risk, although they seldom sought professional help for their problems.
Note:
Funding for the study was provided by the National Institute of Mental Health's Clinical Research Center for the Study of Psychopathology in the Elderly (grant MH40159) and by the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program (grants MH35386 and MH-43756) at Duke University Medical Center.
