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Use of Professional and Informal Support by African Americans and Caribbean Blacks With Mental Disorders

Dr. Woodward is with the School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 222 Baker Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824 (e-mail: awoodwar{at}msu.edu). Dr. Taylor is with the School of Social Work and the Institute for Social Research, Dr. Bullard was with the School of Public Health at the time of the study, Dr. Neighbors is with the School of Public Health and the Institute for Social Research, Dr. Chatters is with the School of Public Health and the School of Social Work, and Dr. Jackson is with the Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, all at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the use of professional services and informal support among African Americans and Caribbean blacks with a lifetime mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder. METHODS: Data were from the National Survey of American Life. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the utilization of professional services only, informal support only, both, or neither. Analyses controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, disorder-related variables, and family network variables. RESULTS: The analytic sample included 1,096 African Americans and 372 Caribbean blacks. Forty-one percent used both professional services and informal support, 14% relied on professional services only, 23% used informal support only, and 22% did not seek help. There were no significant differences in help seeking between African Americans and Caribbean blacks. Having co-occurring mental and substance use disorders, having a severe disorder in the past 12 months, having more people in the informal helper network, and being female increased the likelihood of using professional services and informal supports. When men sought help, they were more likely to rely on informal helpers. Marital status, age, and socioeconomic status were also significantly related to help seeking. CONCLUSIONS: The significant proportion of black Americans with a mental disorder who relied on informal support alone, professional services alone, or no help at all suggests potential unmet need in this group. However, the reliance on informal support also may be evidence of a strong protective role that informal networks play in the lives of African Americans and Caribbean blacks.

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